Hydrating · Conditioning
Xanthan Gum
Xanthan Gum
黄原胶
- INCI
- Xanthan Gum
- Family
- 多糖
- Typical use level
- 0.1–1.0%
- pH window
- 3.0–11.0
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Incompatibilities and failure points
耐酸碱与耐盐都不错,主要矛盾在手感与协同:单用黏度高但拉丝,用量超过约 0.3–0.4% 后涂抹起白条、搓泥感明显,通常要与纤维素类、罗望子胶或丙烯酸酯类复配掩盖。与刺槐豆胶、瓜尔胶存在强协同,叠加后黏度远超预期甚至成胶,配平时不能按单用量相加。阴离子性质使其与高电荷阳离子聚合物、阳离子表活可能絮凝,阳离子体系要选专用型号并小试。强氧化剂(过氧化物、高浓度次氯酸)会切断链段,表现为放置一段时间后体系突然变稀。与高浓度乙醇(超过约 50%)不相容会析出。二价金属离子在高 pH 下可能造成胶凝或沉淀。
Stability
干粉稳定但极易吸潮结块,分装后要密封。溶液在宽 pH 范围与常见盐浓度下都相当稳定,是本类里最耐折腾的一支;但不耐强氧化与酶,含酶或高活性氧化物的体系会在存放期出现黏度断崖式下降。耐热性好,可短时 80–90 ℃ 加热,长时间高温仍会缓慢降黏。冻融稳定性较好。微生物可以降解它,防腐失效的第一个外观信号往往就是变稀,因此成品变稀应优先排查微生物与氧化,而不是先怀疑配方比例。
Processing notes
预分散是工厂端最实用的一条经验:干粉直接撒入水中必起鱼眼(外层瞬间水合把干粉包在里面),一旦形成就搅不开,只能过筛报废。三种可靠做法:一是与甘油或丙二醇按 1:5 至 1:10 打成浆再并入水相;二是与配方中其它粉体干混后经粉液混合器或漩涡撒入;三是用高速分散头制造漩涡,沿涡壁细流撒粉。水合温度 40–60 ℃ 更快,完全水合需要 20–30 分钟,水合不足会导致灌装后继续增稠,出现打样偏稀、放几天变稠的假象。真空脱泡很关键,黄原胶浆里的气泡不易自行消除,直接灌装会造成装量不足与外观气泡。放大时注意锅壁挂料,建议先配母液再并锅;高盐与强氧化性活性物一律在胶完全水合之后加入。
What it addresses
由野油菜黄单胞菌发酵得到的阴离子杂多糖,水溶液具有很高的低剪切黏度与强假塑性:静置时能悬浮粉体、色粉与油滴,涂抹时迅速变稀。是天然与无卡波类配方里最通用的增稠与稳定组分,通常与其它流变剂复配来修饰手感。
Market direction
- 中国 / CN
- 常规使用,以最新官方文本为准。
- 欧盟 / EU
- 常规使用,广泛见于天然与有机认证配方(是否收录以认证机构文本为准),以最新官方文本为准。
- 美国 / US
- 常规使用,按目标市场规则复核,以最新官方文本为准。
- 亚太 / APAC
- 常规使用,以最新官方文本为准。
Listing in the China inventory
- Inventory no.
- 03086
- Standard Chinese name
- 黄原胶
- Max historical use, rinse-off
- 26%
- Max historical use, leave-on
- 20%
- Source
- 国家药监局 2021 年第 62 号公告 · 已使用化妆品原料目录(2021年版)
Status by market inventory (exact INCI match)
- 中国 · Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China (2021)
- Listed (03086)
- 印尼 · BPOM Technical Requirements for Cosmetic Ingredients (PerBPOM 17/2022)
- Not listed
- 中国 · Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics — prohibited and restricted
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 欧盟 · CosIng — European Commission cosmetic ingredient database
- Listed (80699) · 功能 BINDING, SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING, EMULSION STABILISING, GEL FORMING, SKIN CONDITIONING, SURFACTANT - CLEANSING, VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
- 欧盟 · Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 — Annexes II to VI
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 东盟 · ASEAN Cosmetic Directive — Annexes
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 美国 · FDA prohibited and restricted cosmetic ingredients; color additives
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 加拿大 · Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 日本 · Standards for Cosmetics — appended tables
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 韩国 · Regulation on Safety Standards for Cosmetics
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- 巴西 · ANVISA cosmetic ingredient restrictions and positive lists
- Not on the prohibited/restricted list — not the same as unrestricted; check the full text and the responsible person
- Matched on the exact INCI name; salts, esters and synonyms may be missed. The latest official text prevails.
Basics
- Synonyms and botanical name
- 黄原胶,汉生胶,三仙胶,Xanthan Gum,Xanthomonas campestris 发酵多糖
- CAS
- 11138-66-2
- Suits formats
- Serum · Essence · Cream · Lotion · Gel · Sheet mask · Toner · Cleanser
- Halal and vegan
- 微生物发酵来源,通常可做 vegan;清真需供应商出具证明,并确认发酵培养基不含动物源成分及沉淀用乙醇的残留说明。
- Cost band
- Value
- Evidence strength
- 高
Others in this family
Compiled from published formulation knowledge and factory experience for selection reference. Not an efficacy claim; use levels describe common published ranges, not regulatory limits; market availability is governed by the latest official texts and reviewed by the brand and its responsible person.